
The energy for tomorrow's miniature electronic devices could come from
tiny microbatteries about half the size of a human cell and built with
viruses. which could one day power a range of miniature devices, from
labs-on-a-chip to implantable medical sensors -- by stamping them onto
a variety of surfaces.
First, on a clear, rubbery material developers used soft lithography to create a pattern of tiny posts either four
or eight millionths of a meter in diameter. On top of these posts, they
then deposited several layers of two polymers that together act as the
solid electrolyte and battery separator.
Next came viruses that
preferentially self-assemble atop the polymer layers on the posts,
ultimately forming the anode. Specifically, they
altered the virus's genes so it makes protein coats that collect
molecules of cobalt oxide to form ultrathin wires.
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